2017年考研英语一真题及参考答案&解析
来源：跨考教育
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!"_____（1）helpingyoufeelcloseand_____（2）topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa_____（3）ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou_____（4）gettingsickthiswinter.
Inarecentstudy_____（5）over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs_____（6）theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing_____（7）tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome_____（8）withacold,andtheresearchers_____（9）thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_____（10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect._____（11）amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere_____（12）.
"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe_____（13）riskforcoldsthat'susually_____（14）withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie,Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelp_____（15）thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp_____（16）difficulty."
Someexperts_____（17）thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"_____（18）itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit_____（19）inthebrain,whereit_____（20）mood,behaviorandphysiology.
1.A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite
2.A．equalB．restrictedC．connectedD．inferior
3.A．viewB．hostC．lessonD．choice
4.A．avoidB．forgetC．recallD．keep
5.A．collectingB．affectingC．guidingD．involving
6.A．onB．inC．atD．of
7.A．devotedB．attractedC．lostD．exposed
8.A．alongB．acrossC．downD．out
9.A．imaginedB．deniedC．doubtedD．calculated
10.A．servedB．restoredC．explainedD．required
11.A．ThusB．StillC．RatherD．Even
12.A．defeatsB．symptomsC．errorsD．tests
13.A．highlightedB．increasedC．controlledD．minimized
14.A．presentedB．equippedC．associatedD．compared
15.A．assessB．generateC．moderateD．record
16.A．inthenameofB．intheformofC．inthefaceofD．inthewayof
17.A．attributeB．commitC．transferD．return
18.A．unlessB．becauseC．thoughD．until
19.A．remainsB．emergesC．vanishesD．decreases
20.A．experiencesB．combinesC．justifiesD．influences
1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite
【答案】A
【解析】根据本句句内逻辑关系，“itturnsoutthathugs…”说明拥抱还有其他结果。因此，前文的逻辑关系应该为“除此以外”，结合选项，A．Besides（除此之外）最为合适。
2A．equalB．restrictedC．connectedD．inferior
【答案】C
【解析】本题实为逻辑关系题。根据句子前后结构“helpingyoufeelcloseand_____（2）”，我们可以判断，由于空格处与前面内容通过and连接，说明我们要选择一个单词与feelclose同义，并且要与后面介词to连用。因此，通过对于四个选项含义判断，C选项有“关联的”含义最为符合。
3A．viewB．hostC．lessonD．choice
【答案】B
【解析】此题为固定搭配。“ahostof”表示大量的。其他选项搭配不合理。
4A．avoidB．forgetC．recallD．keep
【答案】A
【解析】根据题干信息“awarmembracemightevenhelpyou_____（4）gettingsickthiswinter.”中，出现“even”，表示“甚至”，说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系。上一句话的语义表示“拥抱可以带来大量的好处”，因此，这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处。根据四个选项含义，A．avoid（避免）B．forget（忘记）C．recall（回忆）D．keep（保持），A选项“避免生病”最符合文意。
5A．collectingB．affectingC．guidingD．involving
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查现在分词做后置定语，需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的“study”，因此，结合四个选项A．collecting（收集）B．affecting（影响）C．guiding(引导)D．involving（涉及、卷入），根据句子含义，应该表达“关于涉及400人”的研究。因此正确选项应为D
6A．onB．inC．atD．of
【答案】A
【解析】本题为固定搭配。根据句义“examinedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs_____（6）theparticipants'…”考查固定搭配“examinedtheeffects…onsth”因此，本题正确选项为A。
7A．devotedB．attractedC．lostD．exposed
【答案】D
【解析】根据句义“commoncoldafterbeing_____（7）tothevirus.”“通常感冒是在。。。细菌之后发生的。”结合选项含义A．devoted（致力于）B．attracted（吸引）C．lost（丢失）D．exposed(暴露于)，D选项“暴露在细菌中…”符合文意。
8A．alongB．acrossC．downD．out
【答案】C
【解析】本题为固定搭配。A．comealongwith(和。。。相处的好)B．comeacrosswith（偿付）C．comedownwith（得病，感染）D．comeoutwith（出版，提出），结合语境，根据后面与cold（感冒）搭配，C选项“得感冒”搭配最为合理。
9A．imaginedB．deniedC．doubtedD．calculated
【答案】D
【解析】本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题。根据原文“theresearchers_____（9）thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_____（10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.”动作的主语是“研究人员”，连接后面的宾语从句“拥抱减小压力的作用”，并且有数据支撑。从选项含义A．imagined（想像）B．denied（否认）C．doubted（怀疑）D．calculated（计算，推测）来看，宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测出的结果。因此，选项D符合要求。
10A．servedB．restoredC．explainedD．required
【答案】C
【解析】本题为动词含义考查。根据文章内容，“thestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_____（10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.”本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果，因此，结合选项含义A．served（服务）B．restored（存储）C．explained（解释）D．required（要求），C选项“解释”符合语境要求。
11A．ThusB．StillC．RatherD．Even
【答案】D
【解析】本题为逻辑关系题。A．Thus（因此，表示因果关系）B．Still（仍然，表示强调关系）C．Rather（相反，表示对比关系）D．Even（甚至，表示递进关系）根据文章上下文逻辑，下文是对上文做进一步说明，因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系。D为正确选项。
12A．defeatsB．symptomsC．errorsD．tests
【答案】B
【解析】形容词与名词搭配问题。根据语境“theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere_____（12）”所选词要与severe构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果。因此，B．symptoms(症状)符合语境要求。正确选项为B。
13A．highlightedB．increasedC．controlledD．minimized
【答案】B
【解析】本题为形容词修饰。根据原文"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe_____（13）riskforcoldsthat'susually_____（14）withstress,"，需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk。在选项中，A．highlighted（突出的）B．increased（增加的）C．controlled（被控制的）D．minimized（最小的），对比选项含义，B“增加的风险”更符合原文语境。
14A．presentedB．equippedC．associatedD．compared
【答案】C
【解析】此题为固定搭配题。A和B选项不可以和with连接。C．associated可以和with连接，意为“与。。。有关联”。D．compared和with连接表示“和。。相比”不符合文章要求。因此，本题正确选项为C.
15A．assessB．generateC．moderateD．record
【答案】B
【解析】此题考查动宾搭配。根据原文“Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelp_____（15）thefeeling…”，需要选择一个动词能够和后文的“thefeeling”搭配。分析选项含义：A．assess（评估）B．generate（产生）C．moderate（缓和）D．record（记录），四个选项中，B“generatethefeeling”产生感觉搭配最为合理。因此正选为B。
16A．inthenameofB．intheformofC．inthefaceofD．inthewayof
【答案】C
【解析】此题为短语搭配题。分析选项含义A．inthenameof（以…为名）B．intheformof（以…的形式）C．inthefaceof（面对…）D．inthewayof（以…的方式），结合文章语境，应为“面对困难”搭配最为合理。因此，正确选项为C。
17A．attributeB．commitC．transferD．return
【答案】A
【解析】此题为固定搭配题。即：attributesthtosth.因此正确选项为A
18A．unlessB．becauseC．thoughD．until
【答案】B
【解析】此题为逻辑关系题。选项含义A．unless（除非）B．because（因为）C．though（虽然）D．until（直到。。。才）。结合原文语境，“oftencalled"thebondinghormone"_____（18）itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,”（经常被称之为“形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙”….它促进了关系的依赖。）从本句来看，前后文属于因果逻辑关系。因此正确选项为B
19A．remainsB．emergesC．vanishesD．decreases
【答案】A
【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为A．remains（仍然）B．emerges（出现）C．vanishes（消失）D．decreases（减少）结合语境信息“Butsomeofit_____（19）inthebrain,”C和D选项跟文章含义相反。而B选项只表示一种动作。A选项表示它仍然在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正确选项为A。
whereit_____（20）mood,behaviorandphysiology.
20A．experiencesB．combinesC．justifiesD．influences
【答案】D
【解析】本题为动词辨析。选项含义为A．experiences（经历）B．combines（结合）C．justifies（替某人辩护，证明合理）D．influences（影响）。根据原文语境，“whereit_____（20）mood,behaviorandphysiology.”能够搭配后面并列的三个宾语“情绪、行为、和生理”，只有D“影响”因此正确选项为D。
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）
Text1
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.
Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.
Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.
Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.
ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.
Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.
TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.
21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto
[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.
[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.
[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.
[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.
22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.
[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.
23.Theword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto
[A]quieter.
[B]cheaper.
[C]wider.
[D]faster.
24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis
[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.
[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.
[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.
[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety
[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution
[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines
[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes
答案：21-25ACDDC
21.答案【A】explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.
解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804定位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全检查。正确答案A的American’stolerance是原文Americansarewillingtotolerate的原词复现，currentsecuritychecks是原文的time-consumingsecurity的同义转化。干扰项B的urgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide，原文未提及worldwide，属于扩大范围；选项C的majorU.S.majorairports属于具体信息的干扰；选项D的privacy隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。
22.答案【C】Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.
解析：本题目为原因细节题。根据题干中的longwaitsatmajorairports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resultedin与题干中的contributedto是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案C的anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers是原文ariseinairlinetravel的同义替换。干扰项A的carry-onbags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容；选项B的TSAefficiency也出现在第四段；选项D的unexpectedsecretchecks未提及。
23.答案【D】faster.
解析：本题目为词义句意题，考察上下文逻辑关系。根据题干，定位到第5段第3句，“Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes”，结合下一句中的这样会savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved，即可以节省时间的安检，与选项对应就是答案Dfaster更快。干扰项A更安静，选项B更便宜，选项C更广泛，都无关，属于常识性干扰。
24.答案【D】anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.
解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干关键词problemwiththePreCheckprogram定位到倒数第二段的第二句话thispricetaghasbeenthePreCheck’sfatalflaw.本句中的代词this代词指代本段第一句话，说的是Passengers必须每五年pay85美元来做backgroundchecks。正确答案D中的unreasonableprice是原文的85美元，enrollment就是原文的processbackgroundchecks。干扰项A其规模的极具下滑未提及，选项C其错误的执行属于过度推理，选项C政府不愿意支持是对原文的曲解。
25.答案【C】GettingStuckinSecurityLines
解析：本题目为全文主旨题。全文的中心主题出现在第一段和二段首句的范围。第一段介绍事实背景，第二段首句提及了美国人对于安全检查方面的状况，并在下文提及了所出现的问题。正确答案C安检流程线陷入困境是对原文的总结概括。干扰项A的Screening是原文的具体细节，选项B和选项D的PreCheck是原文最后三段的内容。
Text2
“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.
AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.
OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.
Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.
Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.
TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.
26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates
[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.
[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.
[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.
[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.
27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto
[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.
[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.
[C]itsreligiousimplications.
[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.
28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause
[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.
[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.
[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.
[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.
29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sastronomy
[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.
[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.
[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.
[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians’hostility.
30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof
[A]severecriticism.
[B]passiveacceptance.
[C]slighthesitancy.
[D]fullapproval.
答案：26-30BABCD
26.答案【B】theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.
解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的关键词QueenLiliuokalani的remark定位到第一段的第一句，所indicate的内容是在第一段的第二句话，意思是观星者是在Hawaiian社会中最受尊重的成员。正确选项B的theimportanceofastronomy是原文starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembers的总结概括，inancientHawaiiansociety是原文的原词出现。干扰项A的historicalrole属于原文信息的曲解，选项C的regrettabledecline未提及，过度推理，选项D不是inhertime，是她评论ancient的观星者。
27.答案【A】itsgeographicalfeatures.
解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的大写字母MaunaKea，以及关键词idealastronomicalsite定位到第二段But后面的内容。But后面说MaunaKea是世界上最有力量的望远镜home。本题目问的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，这里提到MaunaKea的顶峰高于大部分的浓密大气层。选项A中的geographicalfeatures就是地质特色的意思，属于同义替换。干扰项B的受保护的周边环境未提及，是常识性干扰；选项C的宗教暗示根据本段首句worship进行干扰，不在定位句里；选项D现有的基础设施未提及。
28.答案【B】itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.
解析：本题目属于原因细节题。根据题干关键词theconstructionoftheTMT以及opposedbysomelocals定位到第四段第二句，这里提到apainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation，对曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。选项B中的remind是原文的原词复现，ahumiliatinghistory（令人耻辱的历史）是对theoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation的同义转化及总结概括。
29.答案【C】mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.
解析：本题目属于细节推断题。根据题干定位到第5段，关键词progressintoday’sastronomy再第五段中没有。此种情况下，考虑段落中心，即本段的段首，段尾及转这句。先看首句无答案，看本段尾句提到，或许那就是我们探索星际空间的原因，好像会回答有关我们自己及我们真正祖先的最原始回答。选项C首先may是对原文asif的解读，uncover同义替换answer，theoriginofHawaiianculture是原文ourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes的同义转化。干扰项A的dreams本段中没有，干扰项B的Hawaiianculture本段有提及，但未指出acrosstheworld，干扰项D的softenhostility属于过度推断。
30.答案【D】fullapproval
解析：第一段第二句Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.意思是，可悲的是，夏威夷现在的天文学不太妙。所以，对于现在夏威夷天文学不太妙的处境，作者用了一个sadly来形容，明明白白地表达了他的蓝瘦香菇。而夏威夷现在不太妙的处境具体指什么？在下一句清楚地说明了ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos意思是我们要搞个巨牛的望远镜，你们居然不同意！所以两句结合一块，作者的态度就明白了，他是支持建望远镜的。在最后一段的最后一句里也有作者态度的线索ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.意思是说有人跑到你们那儿去，接受你们的文化遗产，去看星星看月亮，你们为毛不欢迎？咳咳，正经点儿说，就是用了noreason和cannot双重否定既强调又强调，还带点儿不可置信地赶脚说夏威夷人应该欢迎每一个到他们那儿去研究天文，并且欣赏他们的文化遗产culturalheritage的每一个人everyone。具体到这篇文章，他们的文化遗产在第五段和第一段都有说，就是天文研究，而每一个人当然应该包括这些想建天文望远镜的人。所以作者的态度旗帜鲜明，就是全力支持。所以正确答案是D。
Text3
RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.
ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?
Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.
Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.
Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.
SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes–allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.
ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.
31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe
[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.
[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.
[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.
[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.
32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that
[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.
[B]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.
[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.
[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.
33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?
[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.
[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.
[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.
[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.
34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat
[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.
[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.
[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.
[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.
35.Whichofthefollowingisthebestforthetext?
[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson
[B]GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth
[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP
[D]Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being
答案：31-35DCDCA
31.答案【D】hadalowopinionofGDP.
解析：题目问的是Robert被引用是因为什么。根据题目中的人名定位到第一段第一句话RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”这句话是说这个人认为一个国家的GDP可以衡量所有东西，除了让生活有意义的事。这个观点摆明了Robert对GDP持不欣赏的态度。D选项alowopinion不高的评价，显然是对原文的概括性描述，因此选D。
32.答案【C】GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.
解析：题目明确说了从第二段中找答案。A选项中的economicpattern在原文中没有直接的表达，但在二段末句···peoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?中，原文有提到人们投票脱欧，尽管有很多人警告他们这样做可能会对国家经济前景有影响。这说明英国人不怕改变现有经济状况，因此与A中的reluctant不情愿不相符。B选项中英国对世界经济的贡献问题，在第二段中完全没提，只有theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld英国GDP让西方世界嫉妒的表述。C选项说GDP用来衡量幸福的作用以及被英国人普遍否定了。原文中第二段第二句说itisaflawedconcept，认为GDP是有问题的，第三句紧接着说Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo表面GDP其实忽视了很多关键的东西，并不能衡量幸福。第四句、第五句拿UK来举例，说英国GDP很好，但是人们却要脱欧来改变现状，暗示人们的生活并不好。整段说明了英国人并不认为他们的高GDP给她们带来了好的生活，与C选项正好形成正话反说，为正确选项。D选项policymakers在第二段第一句出现，并不存在所谓英国的policymakers，更没有谈过其是否关注GDP。
33.答案【D】Itsresultsareenlightening.
解析：这题根据题干中的recentannualstudy定位到第三段第一句Arecentannualstudy...and...shedssomelightonthatquestion。这句话中的shedlighton短语就是照亮，阐释的意思，跟D选项中的enlighten启发是同义转换，因此为正确答案。
34．答案【C】itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.
解析：从题目可知答案来自于最后两段。第六段第一句···,asameasure,itisnolongerenough说明GDP不靠谱，第二句Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactors···thatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being说明GDP没有包含所有个人幸福的要素。最后一段最后一句Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.也明确说了制定政策的人要关注提高福利，而不是简单关注GDP数字。这些句子都与C选项factorsbeyondGDP相符。
35.答案【A】HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson
解析：第一段第一句就引用名人名言，说GDP是不靠谱的，第二句就拿英国脱欧举例，说itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto，表明英国脱欧证明他说得有道理，咱们要好好听听。第二段继续说英国GDP高，但是人们要搞事——脱欧，说明人们日子不好过。第三段，第四段开始分析为啥英国人不乖乖听话过日子，原来是福利在后退butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline。第五段直接说富裕国家要引以为戒：Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn。所以整篇文章的主题就是GDP不靠谱，福利不给力不行，英国脱欧是例证。A选项正好包括了这三个要素，HighGDP,InadequateWell-being和aUKlesson因此选A。
Text4
Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.
Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformergovernor’sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.
Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.
Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”
Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”
Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.
Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety–thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.
Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.
36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt
[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’sduties.
[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.
[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct.
[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnell’sethics.
37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves
[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.
[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.
[C]leakingsecretsintentionally.
[D]breakingcontractsofficially.
38.Thecourt’srulingisdontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare
[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.
[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.
[C]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.
[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.
39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto
[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.
[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.
[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.
[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.
40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’srulingis
[A]sarcastic.
[B]tolerant.
[C]skeptical.
[D]supportive.
答案：36-40CBABD
36.答案【C】wascontemptuousofMcDonnell’sconduct.
解析：根据题干中的关键词Theunderlinedsentence(para.1)，可以快速的回到原文精确定位到第一段的划线句子，Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.联系文章第一句话，虽然最高法院没有判定RobertMcDonnell受贿罪，但是holdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,即，在道德上却对他的行为嗤之以鼻。由此可以锁定C选项中的wascontemptuousof法院其实非常轻视RobertMcDonnell的行为。文章的D选项中出现ethics，原文中相同的词，可能会混淆考生的思维，但是，此句话说的是拒绝从道德的标准评论RobertMcDonnell的行为。
37.答案【B】sizablegainsintheformofgifts.
解析：根据题干中给出的信息，可知这一题是对文章第四段理解，由第四段推理出正确答案。从第四段Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”可以知道，对腐败的定义是，只有受贿者给予了行贿者实际的好处，例如acontractorregulation,如果提供的不是具体的好处，仅仅只是：arrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganevent,那么这种行为就不是受贿。由此可以得出答案为A.
38.答案【A】allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.
解析：根据题干中的关键词Thecourt’srulingisdontheassumption可以锁定文章的第五段，“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”可以知道，法院的裁定是建立听取其选民的意见，按照他们的利益行事。所以原文中的constituents对应A选项的supporters，支持者。所以答案选择A
39.答案【B】guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.
解析：根据题干中的关键词Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency可以锁定文章的第六段Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.但是从这句话中找不到所需的信息，从thistypeof可以知道这句话与前面的句子联系紧密，因而可以追溯到这一段的第一句话，Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.执法力度需要加强市民及其当选代表，而不是法院获得接近政府的平等的机会。equality与B选项的fairplay相对应，因此选B.
40.答案【D】supportive.
解析：本题考察的是态度题，从文中最后一句话:Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.可以看出作者认为法院的裁定是进步的：astepforward，，因此可以看出作者对此的态度是supportive.sarcastic:尖酸的，挖苦的；tolerant：宽容的，容忍的；skeptical：怀疑的。
PartB
Directions:
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）
[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch,"ADinneratPolarWalk"broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazineFromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname"Boz"inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.
[B]TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becauseanationalfigure.
[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour'spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfelt,wasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.
[D]CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.
[E]Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines.
[F]DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishNavyPayoffice--arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken'smothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDicken'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas"theyounggentleman."Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather'simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDickens'sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.
[G]AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,hetracesanorphan'sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDickens'asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.
41.【答案】F
【解析】排序题关键是收尾相接，要紧紧牢记大纲的考点“一致性和衔接性”。也就是要想选出下一题首先要确定上段的尾句在说什么，做到上一段的尾句和要选择的段落首句衔接。41题取决于给出的首段D选线。D选项起到统领全文的作用，主要对狄更斯进以及他的作品进行了总体的评价和概括：狄更斯对于大多数人来说是英国知名的、伟大的小说家，他是一名道德家、讽刺家以及社会先驱者，他的小说情节曲折、人物性格鲜明，捕捉到了英国社会的全景。那么对于这类人物自传式的文章，后面会先减少其生平。纵观各选项，不难发现F选项首句出现DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast，各位考生要把握wasborn出生这个关键词。因此，41题选择F选项。
42.【答案】E
【解析】要想做出42题，关键是理解41题F选项，尤其是F选项的后面一部分。我们认真研读F选项的后半段一直在介绍狄更斯童年经历中他父亲所起到的作用，介绍他的父亲由于债务被关进了监狱，这给狄更斯带了羞耻感以及后面他在黑工厂做工的经历对他性格的行程都起到了很大的作用。于是我们浏览各选项首句，发现E选项开头Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison，出现了很关键的线索词，即他的父亲被释放后，因此E可以接在4题F选项的后面。所以，42题选择E选项。
43.【答案】A
【解析】43题取决于42题E选型的尾句，E选项的前半句说狄更斯找到了一份文职的工作，最后一句是Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines，大概意思说他开始用语言记录周围的人和生活，尤其是幽默的和奇怪的，形成了一些杂志magazine中基本的素材梗概sketches，浏览各选项的首句，很容易发现A选项的首句Thefirstpublishedsketch,"ADinneratPolarWalk"broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazineFromthenonhissketches,考生会发现复现词magazine和sketches。因此，42题选择A选项。
44.【答案】C
【解析】44题取决于43题A选项的尾句，A选项的尾句说道狄更斯用"Boz"这个笔名开始发表文章，并且小有名气，浏览各选项首句，会发现C选项的首句出现了SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared，这里我们会发现他的笔名，原词复现，因此，44题选择C选项。
45.【答案】G
【解析】45题还剩最后一个选项G，我们要验证一下G选项是否适合放在最后一段，用什么来验证呢？利用给定的上一段B选项。取决于B选项的尾句，看其是否能与G选项的首句衔接。B选项的尾句在讲狄更斯说的成功，以及他的小说中的人物匹克威多带来的影响和效应。而不难发现G选项的首句复现了Pickwick，而且还有一个时间线索词after。因此，45题选择G选项。
SectionIIITranslation
Directions:
ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld`sprimarylanguageforinternationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.
(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.
Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.ThoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol
(47)Hisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguagecapabilities.
DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglotEnglishgraduatesfaceableakeconomicfutureasqualifiedmultilingualyoungstersfromothercountriesareprovingtohaveacompetitiveadvantageovertheirBritishcounterpartsinglobalcompaniesandorganizations.Alongsidethat,(48)manycountriesareintroducingEnglishintotheprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenandstudentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementtoachievefluencyinotherlanguages.
Iflefttothemselves,suchtrendswilldiminishtherelativestrengthoftheEnglishlanguageininternationaleducationmarketsasthedemandforeducationalresourcesinlanguages,suchasSpanish,ArabicorMandaringrowsandinternationalbusinessprocessoutsourcinginotherlanguagesuchasJapanese,FrenchandGerman,spreads.
(49)ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclearandmajorchallengestoUK`sprovidersofEnglishlanguageteachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.TheEnglishlanguageteachingsectordirectlyearnsnearly&1.3billionfortheUKininvisibleexportsandourothereducationrelatedexploresearnupto&10billionayearmore.Astheinternationaleducationmarketexpands,therecentslowdowninthenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginthemainEnglish-speakingcountriesislikelytocontinue,especiallyiftherearenoeffectivestrategicpoliciestopreventsuchslippage.
Theanticipationofpossibleshiftsindemandprovidedbythisstudyissignificant:(50)Itgivesabasistoallorganizationwhichseektopromotethelearningandverydifferentoperatingenvironment.Thatisanecessaryandpracticalapproach.Inthisasinmuchelse,thosewhowishtoinfluencethefuturemustprepareforit.
(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.
参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象表明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的未来也许会慢慢衰退。
句子解析：本句很简单，主句是therebe结构，主句前是让步状语，signs后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs进行进一步的补充说明。同位语从句中是主谓结构，theglobalpredominanceofthelanguage是主语，mayfade是谓语，within结构是时间状语。expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。
(47)Hisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguagecapabilities.
参考译文：因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满态度，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位十分稳固，英国的年轻一代人根本不需要学*其他的语言。
句子解析：此句为复合句，who之前是主句，结构是主谓宾，Hisanalysis是主语，he指代的是前面的大卫，end是核心谓语动词，anyself-contentedness是宾语，amongthose是状语，who引导定语从句修饰those，定语从句中who做主语，believe是谓语，that引导宾语从句做believe的宾语，宾语从句中globalpositionofEnglish是主语，后面是系表结构，that引导结果状语从句，结果状从中是主谓宾结构。词汇部分，self-contentedness可能是难点，意思是“自满，自大”，因为contend是满意的意思，additional在考研英语翻译中常用的译法是“新的，另外的”，此处翻译可采用词性转换。还有who引导的定语从句的处理方法，可以重复先行词“那些人”，采用后置法。
(48)manycountriesareintroducingEnglishintotheprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenandstudentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementtoachievefluencyinotherlanguages.
参考译文：很多国家正在把英语列入小学课程范围，但是英国的中小学生似乎并没有受到更多的鼓励去流利地掌握其他语言。
句子解析：此句是but连接的并列复合句，前半句是主谓宾加状语的结构，很简单，后半句也是主谓宾结构，Britishschoolchildrenandstudents是主语，donotappeartobegaining是复合谓语，greaterencouragement是宾语，toachievefluencyinotherlanguages是不定式短语做encouragement的后置定语。Curriculum是课程的意思，fluency是流利，流畅的意思。
(49)ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclearandmajorchallengestoUK`sprovidersofEnglishlanguageteachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.
参考译文：大卫.格兰多指出的这些变化给英国的英语教学工作者提出了明确的和巨大的挑战，这些英语教学工作是面向其他国家的人和更为广泛的商业教育机构的。
句子解析：此句是简单句，修饰成分较多，稍有些复杂，Thechanges是主语，identifiedbyDavidGraddol是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰changes，identified可以理解为“发现，指出”，present是谓语动词，是“体现，表现”的意思，clearandmajorchallenges是宾语，toUK`sprovidersofEnglishlanguageteaching是介词短语做后置定语修饰challenges，providers本意是供应商，此处可以理解为“英语教学工作者”，topeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.是后置定语修饰Englishlanguageteaching。
50．ItgivesabasistoallorganizationswhichseektopromotethelearninganduseofEnglish,abasisforplanningtomeetthepossibilitiesofwhatcouldbeaverydifferentoperatingenvironment.
参考译文：这一研究为所有试图促进英语学*和使用的机构提供了一个依据，这一依据是为了满足可能会出现不同操作情况/运行环境的可能性的。
句子解析：主句是主谓宾加状语结构，it是代词指代，指代前文的study，basis应该理解为“依据”，which引导定语从句修饰organizations，翻译时可以采用前置法，定语从句中which做主语，seektopromote是谓语动词，thelearninganduseofEnglish是宾语，abasis是前面主句宾语basis的同位语，forplanningtomeetthepossibilities介词短语做后置定语修饰basis，ofwhatcouldbeaverydifferentoperatingenvironment介词短语做后置定语修饰possibilities。
SectionⅣWriting
51directions
YouaretowriteanemailtoJamesCook,anewly-arrivedAustraliaprofessor,recommendingsometouristattractioninyourcity.Pleasegivereasonsforyourrecommendation.
Youshouldwriteneatlyontheanswersheet.
Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use“LiMing”instead.
Donotwritetheaddress。（10points）
参考范文：
DearProf.JamesCook,
WelcometoChina.Iknowyoulovetraveling,soI’mwritingthislettertorecommendtoyouoneofmyfavoritescenicspots—Harbin,whichisanoldnortherncityofChina.
Ithinkyoumustlikeitforthereasonsasfollows.Tobeginwith,thereareanamountofbeautifulscenicspots,suchastheIceandSnowKingdominwinter,theSunIsland,theCentralStreetandsoon.Inaddition,youcouldtasteagreatnumberofsnacksontheaveragestreet.Lastbutnotleast,thepeopleofHarbinareoverwhelminglyhospitableandenthusiastic,whichisfamousalloverChina.
Owingtothereasonsdiscussedabove,Iwon’thesitatetorecommendthisscenicspottoyou.Iamsureyouwillenjoyit.Bestwishesforyou!
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
真题解析
今年英语一的小作文不出预料，再一次考查到了推荐信。在英语一的考试当中，推荐信已经考查过两年了。例如我们英语一在2011年就考查过向你的朋友推荐一部电影。具体题目要求是Writealettertoafriendofyoursto1)recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand；2)givereasonsforyourrecommendation.2015年考察的是youaregoingtoholdaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsrecommendingabooktotheclubmembers.Youshouldstatereasonsforyourrecommendation.而今年的作文题目要求给新来的澳大利亚国籍教授JamesCook介绍你城市的touristattraction。因此，考生不用惊慌只要把2011年或2015年的小作文，主要是推荐原因部分，稍作修改即可成文。这就启发我们2018届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查。
那么今年的作文具体该如何来写呢？今年考题的Direction要求向新来的JamesCook教授推荐旅游景点。根据题目的要求，我们可以判断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写、省略问句和和口语表达。
称呼：DearProf.JamesCook,注意称呼中，Prof后面的句点不能丢，称呼最后的逗号号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。当然如果称呼不写Prof.写成Mr.JamesCook也是可以的。
正文
第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：1：欢迎Cook教授来中国；2：写信目的，表明推荐。用到了这样的表达WelcometoChina.Iknowyoulovetraveling,soI’mwritingthislettertorecommendtoyouoneofmyfavoritescenicspot-Harbin,whichisanoldnortherncityofChina.
第二段：写作内容为推荐原因。可以从三个角度来考虑：美景、美食和热情的人们。用到了这样的表达：Ithinkyoumustlikeitforthereasonsasfollows.Tobeginwith,thereareanamountofbeautifulscenicspots,suchastheIceandSnowKingdominwinter,theSunisland,theCentralStreetandsoon.Inaddition,youcouldtasteagreatnumberofsnacksontheaveragestreet.Lastbutnotleast,thepeopleofHarbinareoverwhelminglyhospitableandenthusiastic,whichisfamousalloverChina.
第三段：再次强调写信目的。Owingtothereasonsdiscussedabove,Iwon’thesitatetorecommendthisscenicspottoyou.Iamsureyouwillenjoyit.最后，表达祝福Bestwishesforyou!
落款：Yourssincerely,特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢.
签名：LiMing特别注意Ming后面一定不能出现句点。落款和前面左、右对齐都可以。
52.Directions
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingpictures.Inyessay,youshould
1)describethepicturesbriefly;
2)interpretthemeaning,and
3)giveyourcomments.
YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
参考范文
Asissymbolicallymirroredinthecaricatures,thereemergetwocircumstances,carryingsharpcontrastimplications.Inthefirstcartoon,afashionableboy,lyinginhisslingchaircomfortably,islookingathiswholeshelfofbooksandsaying,“Ipossessamultitudeofbooks”.Onthecontrary,thesecondportrayaldemonstratesanindustriousstudentwhoissittinginfrontofthedeskandmakesarealisticplanthathewouldliketofinishreading20booksintotalwithinayear.
Theauthorofthecartooninvitesustofocusonatruththatendlessplansparalyzeactions.Therearesimplynogreatsuccessandachievementsintheworldthatarenotachievedthroughhardworkanddiligence.Similarly,adreamcanberealizedwhenyoudecidetoworkforitandpersistcontinuously.Everyonedesirestosucceed,butnotallhisdreamscancometrueuntilheworkshardtoimplementhisplans.Peoplegiveuptheirdreamsforthisorthatreason.Thosewhosedreamsbecometruehaveatleastonethingincommon,thatis,theyalwaysholdfasttotheirdreamsandalwayskeeptheirfeetontheground.Justaroundus,forinstance,theathleteswhogainthegoldmedals,theartistswhoareprevalentwiththepublic,andeventhestudentswhoentertheuniversityafteryearsofhardstudyandpreparation,arealldream-holders.
Accordingly,tosucceed,weneedtosparenoeffortsandholdfasttoyourdreamsjustasournationstickstoourChineseDream.Thepathtodreamsmaynotbesmoothandwide,andevensomesacrificesareneeded,butholdontotheend,youwillfindthereisnogreaterhappinessthanmakingyourdreamcometrue.
真题解析
今年的英语一大作文题可以说完全在我们的预料之中，甚至比我们想象的要简单的多，据广大考生反映审题基本不存在问题。虽然考研图画作文，从来不给一个主题，但是对于考生来说，正确审出主题还是相对比较容易实现的。
值得关注的是，今年考题反映的是我们常说的那句话：理想很丰满，现实很骨感。如何跨越理想和现实的鸿沟，这是一个长久以来一直讨论的话题。这里完全可以结合考研真题中的个人品质类话题，谈一谈实现理想所需要的精神。那么此话题中很多表达方式，写作方式都与过去的真题如2007年的自信心缺乏、2012年的悲观与乐观等真题作文如出一辙。所以真题是最宝贵的复*资源！2016年跨考各类考研写作课程均对真题进行过详细讲解，相信今年英语一的同学面对此作文应会从容不迫。
我们简单来看看如何审这两副图，左边的图片中，一个学生坐在躺椅里悠哉悠哉，看着自己有许多书却没说读上哪怕一本；右边的图片中，一位勤奋的学生拿着一本书仔细读着，并且很现实地计划着一年争取读完20本书。图表描述参考如下：Asissymbolicallymirroredinthecaricatures,thereemergetwocircumstances,carryingsharpcontrastimplications.Inthefirstcartoon,afashionableboy,lyinginhisslingchaircomfortably,islookingathiswholeshelfofbooksandsays,“Ipossessamultitudeofbooks”.Onthecontrary,thesecondportrayaldemonstratesanindustriousstudentwhoissittinginfrontofthedeskandmakesarealisticplanthathewouldliketofinishreading20booksintotalwithinayear.
第二段可以从两方面来论证，一方面强调如果只有想法而不行动是不利于理想的实现，另一方面从正面论证脚踏实地一步一步完成理想的道理。参考如下：Theauthorofthecartooninvitesustofocusonatruththatendlessplansparalyzeactions.Therearesimplynogreatsuccessandachievementsintheworldthatarenotachievedthroughhardworkanddiligence.Similarly,adreamcanberealizedwhenyoudecidetoworkforitandpersistcontinuously.Everyonedesirestosucceed,butnotallhisdreamscancometrueuntilheworkshardtoimplementhisplans.Peoplegiveuptheirdreamsforthisorthatreason.Thosewhosedreamsbecometruehaveatleastonethingincommon,thatis,theyalwaysholdfasttotheirdreamsandalwayskeeptheirfeetontheground.Justaroundus,forinstance,theathleteswhogainthegoldmedals,theartistswhoareprevalentwiththepublic,andeventhestudentswhoentertheuniversityafteryearsofhardstudyandpreparation,arealldream-holders。.
第三段给出结论，简单提两条建议即可。比如：Accordingly,tosucceed,weneedtosparenoeffortsandholdfasttoyourdreamsjustasournationstickstoourChineseDream.Thepathtodreamsmaynotbesmoothandwide,andevensomesacrificesareneeded,butholdontotheend,youwillfindthereisnogreaterhappinessthanmakingyourdreamcometrue.
当然，考研写作判卷原则是：语言第一位、结构第二位、内容第三位。只要语言基本正确、结构比较清晰、内容与话题相关，均可取得及格分(12分)。如果语言精彩、结构严谨、论证充分，则可稳获高分(15分以上)。
总体来说，今年的大作文写作难度适中。虽然有些考生由于考场紧张、可能论述无逻辑，有些同学将关键词拼写错误。其实无需过于焦虑，阅卷教师主要考察整体语言水平，不会因为个别错误完全降为低分。只要语言基本正确、结构比较清晰，均可取得不错的成绩。
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